77th United States Congress



































77th United States Congress


76th ←

→ 78th


USCapitol1956.jpg

United States Capitol (1956)

January 3, 1941 – January 3, 1943
Senate President
John N. Garner (D)
until January 20, 1941
Henry A. Wallace (D)
from January 20, 1941
Senate President pro tem
Pat Harrison (D)
until June 22, 1941
Carter Glass (D)
from July 11, 1941
House Speaker
Sam Rayburn (D)
Members 96 senators
435 members of the House
4 non-voting delegates
Senate Majority Democratic
House Majority Democratic
Sessions

1st: January 3, 1941 – January 2, 1942
2nd: January 5, 1942 – December 16, 1942

The Seventy-seventh United States Congress was a meeting of the legislative branch of the United States federal government, composed of the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. It met in Washington, DC from January 3, 1941, to January 3, 1943, during the ninth and tenth years of Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency. The apportionment of seats in the House of Representatives was based on the Sixteenth Census of the United States in 1940. Both chambers had a Democratic majority.


This was the first Congress to have more than one Senate President (the Vice President of the United States), John Garner and Henry Wallace, due to the passage of the 20th amendment in 1933.


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Contents






  • 1 Major events


  • 2 Major legislation and resolutions


  • 3 Select committees


  • 4 Leadership


    • 4.1 Senate


      • 4.1.1 Majority (Democratic) leadership


      • 4.1.2 Minority (Republican) leadership




    • 4.2 House of Representatives


      • 4.2.1 Majority (Democratic) leadership


      • 4.2.2 Minority (Republican) leadership






  • 5 Party summary


    • 5.1 Senate


    • 5.2 House of Representatives




  • 6 Members


    • 6.1 Senate


      • 6.1.1 Alabama


      • 6.1.2 Arizona


      • 6.1.3 Arkansas


      • 6.1.4 California


      • 6.1.5 Colorado


      • 6.1.6 Connecticut


      • 6.1.7 Delaware


      • 6.1.8 Florida


      • 6.1.9 Georgia


      • 6.1.10 Idaho


      • 6.1.11 Illinois


      • 6.1.12 Indiana


      • 6.1.13 Iowa


      • 6.1.14 Kansas


      • 6.1.15 Kentucky


      • 6.1.16 Louisiana


      • 6.1.17 Maine


      • 6.1.18 Maryland


      • 6.1.19 Massachusetts


      • 6.1.20 Michigan


      • 6.1.21 Minnesota


      • 6.1.22 Mississippi


      • 6.1.23 Missouri


      • 6.1.24 Montana


      • 6.1.25 Nebraska


      • 6.1.26 Nevada


      • 6.1.27 New Hampshire


      • 6.1.28 New Jersey


      • 6.1.29 New Mexico


      • 6.1.30 New York


      • 6.1.31 North Carolina


      • 6.1.32 North Dakota


      • 6.1.33 Ohio


      • 6.1.34 Oklahoma


      • 6.1.35 Oregon


      • 6.1.36 Pennsylvania


      • 6.1.37 Rhode Island


      • 6.1.38 South Carolina


      • 6.1.39 South Dakota


      • 6.1.40 Tennessee


      • 6.1.41 Texas


      • 6.1.42 Utah


      • 6.1.43 Vermont


      • 6.1.44 Virginia


      • 6.1.45 Washington


      • 6.1.46 West Virginia


      • 6.1.47 Wisconsin


      • 6.1.48 Wyoming




    • 6.2 House of Representatives


      • 6.2.1 Alabama


      • 6.2.2 Arizona


      • 6.2.3 Arkansas


      • 6.2.4 California


      • 6.2.5 Colorado


      • 6.2.6 Connecticut


      • 6.2.7 Delaware


      • 6.2.8 Florida


      • 6.2.9 Georgia


      • 6.2.10 Idaho


      • 6.2.11 Illinois


      • 6.2.12 Indiana


      • 6.2.13 Iowa


      • 6.2.14 Kansas


      • 6.2.15 Kentucky


      • 6.2.16 Louisiana


      • 6.2.17 Maine


      • 6.2.18 Maryland


      • 6.2.19 Massachusetts


      • 6.2.20 Michigan


      • 6.2.21 Minnesota


      • 6.2.22 Mississippi


      • 6.2.23 Missouri


      • 6.2.24 Montana


      • 6.2.25 Nebraska


      • 6.2.26 Nevada


      • 6.2.27 New Hampshire


      • 6.2.28 New Jersey


      • 6.2.29 New Mexico


      • 6.2.30 New York


      • 6.2.31 North Carolina


      • 6.2.32 North Dakota


      • 6.2.33 Ohio


      • 6.2.34 Oklahoma


      • 6.2.35 Oregon


      • 6.2.36 Pennsylvania


      • 6.2.37 Rhode Island


      • 6.2.38 South Carolina


      • 6.2.39 South Dakota


      • 6.2.40 Tennessee


      • 6.2.41 Texas


      • 6.2.42 Utah


      • 6.2.43 Vermont


      • 6.2.44 Virginia


      • 6.2.45 Washington


      • 6.2.46 West Virginia


      • 6.2.47 Wisconsin


      • 6.2.48 Wyoming


      • 6.2.49 Non-voting members






  • 7 Changes in membership


    • 7.1 Senate


    • 7.2 House of Representatives




  • 8 Committees


    • 8.1 Senate


    • 8.2 House of Representatives


    • 8.3 Joint committees




  • 9 Caucuses


  • 10 Employees


    • 10.1 Senate


    • 10.2 House




  • 11 See also


  • 12 References






President Franklin Roosevelt signing the Lend-Lease Act, March 11, 1941.




President Roosevelt delivering the "Infamy Speech" to Congress, requesting a declaration of war, December 8, 1941. Behind him are Vice President Henry Wallace (left) and House Speaker Sam Rayburn. To the right, in uniform in front of Rayburn, is Roosevelt's son James, who escorted his father to the Capitol.




President Roosevelt signing the declaration of war against Japan, December 8, 1941



Major events




  • January 20, 1941: President Franklin D. Roosevelt began his third term.

  • December 7, 1941: Attack on Pearl Harbor

  • December 8, 1941: Joint Session of Congress met to hear President Roosevelt deliver his "Day of Infamy" speech

  • December 26, 1941: Joint session of the United States Congress met in the Senate chamber for an address by British Prime Minister Winston Churchill.



Major legislation and resolutions




  • March 11, 1941: Lend Lease Act, Pub.L. 77–11, Sess. 1, ch. 11, 55 Stat. 31

  • August 18, 1941: Flood Control Act of 1941, Pub.L. 77–228, Sess. 1, ch. 377, 55 Stat. 638

  • December 8, 1941: Resolution— War between United States and Japan, Pub.L. 77–328, Sess. 1, ch. 561, 55 Stat. 795

  • December 11, 1941: Resolution— War between United States and Germany, Pub.L. 77–331, Sess. 1, ch. 564, 55 Stat. 796

  • December 11, 1941: Resolution— War between United States and Italy, Pub.L. 77–332, Sess. 1, ch. 565, 55 Stat. 797

  • January 30, 1942: Emergency Price Control Act of 1942, Pub.L. 77–421, Sess. 2, ch. 26, 56 Stat. 23

  • June 5, 1942: Resolution— War between United States and Bulgaria, Pub.L. 77–563, Sess. 2, ch. 323, 56 Stat. 307

  • June 5, 1942: Resolution— War between United States and Hungary, Pub.L. 77–564, Sess. 2, ch. 324, 56 Stat. 307

  • June 5, 1942: Resolution— War between United States and Romania, Pub.L. 77–565, Sess. 2, ch. 325, 56 Stat. 307

  • June 22, 1942: Resolution— United States Flag Code, including recognition of the Pledge of Allegiance, Pub.L. 77–623, Sess. 2, ch. 435, 56 Stat. 377

  • October 2, 1942: Stabilization Act of 1942, Pub.L. 77–729, Sess. 2, ch. 578, 56 Stat. 765



Select committees



  • Truman Committee (officially the United States Senate Special Committee to Investigate the National Defense Program)


Leadership



Senate




  • President: John Nance Garner (D), until January 20, 1941

    • Henry A. Wallace (D), from January 20, 1941



  • President pro tempore: Pat Harrison (D), until June 22, 1941

    • Carter Glass (D), from July 10, 1941




Majority (Democratic) leadership




  • Majority leader: Alben W. Barkley


  • Majority Whip: Lister Hill


  • Caucus Secretary: Joshua B. Lee



Minority (Republican) leadership




  • Minority leader: Charles L. McNary


  • Republican Conference Secretary: Wallace H. White, Jr.



House of Representatives



  • Speaker: Sam Rayburn (D)


Majority (Democratic) leadership




  • Majority leader: John William McCormack


  • Democratic Whip: Patrick J. Boland, until May 18, 1942
    • Robert Ramspeck



  • Democratic Caucus Chairman: Richard M. Duncan


  • Democratic Campaign Committee Chairman: Patrick H. Drewry



Minority (Republican) leadership




  • Minority leader: Joseph William Martin, Jr.


  • Republican Whip: Harry Lane Englebright, until May 13, 1943


  • Republican Conference Chairman: Roy O. Woodruff



Party summary



Senate











































































Party
(shading shows control)
Total
Vacant

Democratic
(D)

Farmer-Labor
(FL)

Progressive
(P)

Republican
(R)

Independent
(I)
End of the previous congress

68

1

1

25

1
96
0

Begin

66

0

1

28

1

96
0
End 64 30
Final voting share 7001667000000000000♠66.7% 5000000000000000000♠0.0% 7000100000000000000♠1.0% 7001313000000000000♠31.3% 7000100000000000000♠1.0%
Beginning of the next congress

58

0

1

36

0
95
1


House of Representatives



  • 267 Democratic

  • 162 Republican

  • 3 Progressive

  • 1 American Labor

  • 1 Farmer-Labor

  • 1 Independent Democrat


Total 435



Members



Senate


Senators are elected statewide every two years, with one-third beginning new six-year terms with each Congress. Preceding the names in the list below are Senate class numbers, which indicate the cycle of their election, In this Congress, Class 2 meant their term ended with this Congress, requiring reelection in 1942; Class 3 meant their term began in the last Congress, requiring reelection in 1944; and Class 1 meant their term began in this Congress, requiring reelection in 1946.











House of Representatives












Changes in membership


The count below reflects changes from the beginning of this Congress.



Senate































































































State
(class)
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's
formal installation

West Virginia
(2)

Matthew M. Neely (D)
Resigned January 12, 1941, after being elected Governor of West Virginia.
Successor was appointed to serve until a special election, which he subsequently lost. In addition, successor took oath of office after the Senate resolved a challenge to the appointment.

Joseph Rosier (D)
January 13, 1941

Arkansas
(2)

John E. Miller (D)
Resigned March 31, 1941, after being appointed judge for the US District Court for the Western District of Arkansas.
Successor was appointed to finish the term.

G. Lloyd Spencer (D)
April 1, 1941

Texas
(2)

Morris Sheppard (D)
Died April 9, 1941.
Successor was appointed to serve until a special election.

Andrew Jackson Houston (D)
April 21, 1941

Mississippi
(2)

Pat Harrison (D)
Died June 22, 1941.
Successor was appointed to serve until a special election.

James Eastland (D)
June 30, 1941

Texas
(2)

Andrew Jackson Houston (D)
Died June 26, 1941.
Successor was elected to finish term.

W. Lee O'Daniel (D)
June 28, 1941

South Carolina
(2)

James F. Byrnes (D)
Resigned July 17, 1941, after being appointed Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States.
Successor was appointed to serve until a special election.

Alva M. Lumpkin (D)
July 22, 1941

South Carolina
(2)

Alva M. Lumpkin (D)
Died August 1, 1941.
Successor was appointed to serve until a special election.

Roger C. Peace (D)
August 5, 1941

Mississippi
(2)

James Eastland (D)
Appointee did not seek election to finish term.
Successor was elected September 28, 1941, to finish term.

Wall Doxey (D)
September 29, 1941

South Carolina
(2)

Roger C. Peace (D)
Appointee did not seek election to finish term.
Successor was elected November 4, 1941, to finish term.

Burnet R. Maybank (D)
November 5, 1941

Colorado
(3)

Alva B. Adams (D)
Died December 1, 1941.
Successor was appointed to serve until the November 3, 1942, special election, which he won.

Eugene Millikin (R)
December 20, 1941

West Virginia
(2)

Joseph Rosier (D)
Appointee lost election November 17, 1942, to finish the term.
Successor was elected to finish term.

Hugh Shott (R)
November 18, 1942

Nevada
(1)

Berkeley L. Bunker (D)
Appointee lost election December 7, 1942, to finish the term.
Successor was elected to finish term.

James G. Scrugham (D)
December 7, 1942


House of Representatives


















































































































































































































District
Vacator
Reason for change
Successor
Date of successor's
formal installation

Oklahoma 7th

Sam C. Massingale (D)
Died January 17, 1941

Victor Wickersham (D)
April 1, 1941

New York 17th

Kenneth F. Simpson (R)
Died January 25, 1941

Joseph C. Baldwin (R)
March 11, 1941

Alabama 7th

Walter W. Bankhead (D)
Resigned February 1, 1941

Carter Manasco (D)
June 24, 1941

Maryland 6th

William D. Byron (D)
Died February 27, 1941

Katharine Byron (D)
May 27, 1941

Virginia 2nd

Colgate Darden (D)
Resigned March 1, 1941, to run for Governor of Virginia

Winder R. Harris (D)
April 8, 1941

New York 42nd

Pius L. Schwert (D)
Died March 11, 1941

John C. Butler (R)
April 22, 1941

North Carolina 5th

Alonzo D. Folger (D)
Died April 30, 1941

John H. Folger (D)
June 14, 1941

New York 14th

Morris M. Edelstein (D)
Died June 4, 1941

Arthur G. Klein (D)
July 29, 1941

Wisconsin 1st

Stephen Bolles (R)
Died July 8, 1941

Lawrence H. Smith (R)
August 29, 1941

Pennsylvania 15th

Albert G. Rutherford (R)
Died August 10, 1941

Wilson D. Gillette (R)
November 4, 1941

Colorado 4th

Edward T. Taylor (D)
Died September 3, 1941

Robert F. Rockwell (R)
December 9, 1941

Mississippi 2nd

Wall Doxey (D)
Resigned September 28, 1941, after being elected to the US Senate

Jamie L. Whitten (D)
November 4, 1941

California 17th

Lee E. Geyer (D)
Died October 11, 1941

Cecil R. King (D)
August 25, 1942

Massachusetts 7th

Lawrence J. Connery (D)
Died October 19, 1941

Thomas J. Lane (D)
December 30, 1941

Connecticut 5th

J. Joseph Smith (D)
Resigned November 4, 1941, after being appointed judge for the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut

Joseph E. Talbot (R)
January 20, 1942

Pennsylvania 12th

J. Harold Flannery (D)
Resigned January 3, 1942, after becoming judge of common pleas for Luzerne County, PA

Thomas B. Miller (R)
May 19, 1942

Pennsylvania 33rd

Joseph A. McArdle (D)
Resigned January 5, 1942, after being elected to the Pittsburgh City Council

Elmer J. Holland (D)
May 19, 1942

Pennsylvania 11th

Patrick J. Boland (D)
Died May 18, 1942

Veronica G. Boland (D)
November 3, 1942

Washington 5th

Arthur D. Healey (D)
Resigned August 1, 1942, after being appointed judge for the United States District Court for the Western District of Washington
Vacant until the next Congress

Massachusetts 8th

Charles H. Leavy (D)
Resigned August 3, 1942, after being appointed judge for the United States District Court for the District of Massachusetts
Vacant until the next Congress

Ohio 15th

Robert T. Secrest (D)
Resigned August 3, 1942, after accepting a commission in the U.S. Navy
Vacant until the next Congress

Ohio 13th

Albert D. Baumhart, Jr. (R)
Resigned September 2, 1942, after accepting a commission in the U.S. Navy
Vacant until the next Congress

Iowa 9th

Vincent F. Harrington (D)
Resigned September 5, 1942, after accepting a commission as major in the United States Army

Harry E. Narey (R)
November 3, 1942

California 3rd

Frank H. Buck (D)
Died September 17, 1942
Vacant until the next Congress

Maryland 2nd

William Purington Cole, Jr. (D)
Resigned October 26, 1942, after being appointed judge for the U.S. Customs Court
Vacant until the next Congress

Pennsylvania 25th

Charles I. Faddis (D)
Resigned December 4, 1942, to enter the US Army
Vacant until the next Congress

Illinois 4th

Harry P. Beam (D)
Resigned December 6, 1942, after being elected judge for the municipal court of Chicago
Vacant until the next Congress

Illinois 6th

A. F. Maciejewski (D)
Resigned December 6, 1942
Vacant until the next Congress

Missouri 6th

Philip A. Bennett (R)
Died December 7, 1942
Vacant until the next Congress

Nevada At-large

James G. Scrugham (D)
Resigned December 7, 1942, after being elected to the U.S. Senate
Vacant until the next Congress


Committees


Lists of committees and their party leaders, for members (House and Senate) of the committees and their assignments, go into the Official Congressional Directory at the bottom of the article and click on the link (4 links), in the directory after the pages of terms of service, you will see the committees of the Senate, House (Standing with Subcommittees, Select and Special) and Joint and after the committee pages, you will see the House/Senate committee assignments in the directory, on the committees section of the House and Senate in the Official Congressional Directory, the committee's members on the first row on the left side shows the chairman of the committee and on the right side shows the ranking member of the committee.











Joint committees




  • Conditions of Indian Tribes (Special)

  • Disposition of (Useless) Executive Papers

  • Eradication of the Mediterranean Fruit Fly

  • Forestry

  • The Library

  • Reduction of Nonessential Federal Expenditures

  • Taxation

  • To Investigate Phosphate Resource of the United States



Caucuses




  • Democratic (House)


  • Democratic (Senate)



Employees




  • Architect of the Capitol: David Lynn


  • Attending Physician of the United States Congress: George Calver


  • Comptroller General of the United States: Lindsay C. Warren


  • Librarian of Congress: Archibald MacLeish


  • Public Printer of the United States: Augustus E. Giegengack



Senate




  • Secretary: Edwin A. Halsey


  • Sergeant at Arms: Chesley W. Jurney


  • Parliamentarian: Charles Watkins


  • Chaplain: ZeBarney Thorne Phillips (until October 9, 1942), Frederick Brown Harris (after October 10, 1942)



House




  • Clerk: South Trimble of Kentucky


  • Sergeant at Arms: Kenneth Romney


  • Parliamentarian: Lewis Deschler


  • Reading Clerks: Irving Swanson


  • Doorkeeper of the House: Joseph J. Sinnott


  • Postmaster: Finis E. Scott


  • Chaplain: James Shera Montgomery (Methodist)



See also




  • United States elections, 1940 (elections leading to this Congress)

    • United States presidential election, 1940

    • United States Senate elections, 1940

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1940




  • United States elections, 1942 (elections during this Congress, leading to the next Congress)

    • United States Senate elections, 1942

    • United States House of Representatives elections, 1942





References




  • House of Representatives Session Calendar for the 77th Congress (PDF)..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 77th Congress, 1st Session.


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 77th Congress, 1st Session (Revision).


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 77th Congress, 2nd Session.


  • Official Congressional Directory for the 77th Congress, 2nd Session (Revision).









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