Trade Expansion Act




The Trade Expansion Act of 1962 (Pub.L. 87–794, 76 Stat. 872, enacted October 11, 1962, codified at 19 U.S.C. ch. 7) is an American trade law.


Section 232 of the Act under certain circumstances allows the President to impose tariffs based on a recommendation from the U.S. Secretary of Commerce if "an article is being imported into the United States in such quantities or under such circumstances as to threaten or impair the national security."[1] This section has rarely been used,[1] It was used in 1979 and 1982. It had not been invoked since the creation of the World Trade Organization in 1995,[2] until it was invoked by President Trump on March 8, 2018, to impose tariffs on steel and aluminum.



History


In 1962, Congress granted the President of the United States unprecedented authority to negotiate tariff reductions of up to 80%. It paved the way for the Kennedy Round of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) negotiations, concluding on June 30, 1967, the last day before expiration of the Act.[3]


On April 27, 2017, President Donald Trump ordered a review of the aluminum imports and threats to national security under the Trade Expansion Act of 1962.[4][5][6][7][8] On March 8, 2018, President Trump signed an order to impose the tariffs on steel and aluminum under Section 232 of the Act and citing "national security" grounds.[9]



See also



  • Trade Act of 1974

  • Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act



References





  1. ^ ab Shannon Togawa Mercer & Matthew Kahn, America Trades Down: The Legal Consequences of President Trump's Tariffs, Lawfare (March 13, 2018).


  2. ^ Tom Miles, Trump's extraordinary tariffs, Reuters (March 5, 2018).


  3. ^ Rehm, John B. (April 1968). "Developments in the law and institutions of international economic relations: the Kennedy Round of Trade Negotiations". The American Journal of International Law. American Society of International Law. 62 (2): 403–434. JSTOR 2196880..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  4. ^ Office of the Press Secretary (April 27, 2017). "Presidential Memorandum on the Aluminum Imports and Threats to National Security under the Trade Expansion Act of 1962". whitehouse.gov. Washington, D.C.: White House. Archived from the original on 2017-04-28. Retrieved April 27, 2017.


  5. ^ Korte, Gregory (April 27, 2017). "Ordering national security investigation, Trump could block aluminum imports". USA Today. McLean, Virginia: Gannett Company. Retrieved April 27, 2017.


  6. ^ Lawder, David (April 27, 2017). "U.S. launches national security probe into aluminum imports". Reuters. Canary Wharf, London: Thomson Reuters. Retrieved April 27, 2017.


  7. ^ Colvin, Jill; Wiseman, Paul (April 27, 2017). "Trump to order aluminum imports investigation". ABC News. New York City: ABC. Associated Press. Retrieved April 27, 2017.


  8. ^ Palmer, Doug; Nussbaum, Matthew (April 27, 2017). "Trump puts aluminum imports in 'national security' crosshairs". Politico. Arlington County, Virginia: Capitol News Company. Retrieved April 27, 2017.


  9. ^ Scott Horsley, Trump Formally Orders Tariffs on Steel, Aluminum Imports, All Things Considered (March 8, 2018).













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