Crabronidae





































Crabronidae

Tachysphex specie edit1.jpg

Tachysphex sp.

Scientific classification edit
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Euarthropoda
Class:
Insecta
Order:
Hymenoptera
Superfamily:
Apoidea
Family:
Crabronidae
Latreille, 1802
Subfamilies

Astatinae
Bembicinae
Crabroninae
Mellininae
Pemphredoninae
Philanthinae



The Crabronidae are a large paraphyletic group (nominally a family) of wasps, including nearly all of the species formerly comprising the now-defunct superfamily Sphecoidea. It collectively includes well over 200 genera, containing well over 9000 species. Crabronids were originally a part of Sphecidae, but the latter name is now restricted to a separate family based on what was once the subfamily Sphecinae. As this change is very recent, the subfamilies of Crabronidae likely will each eventually be treated as families in their own right, as they have been treated as such by many authorities in the past (as in the catalog linked below).




Contents






  • 1 Phylogeny


  • 2 Subgroups


  • 3 See also


  • 4 References


  • 5 Sources


  • 6 External links





Phylogeny


This phylogenetic tree is based on Sann et al., 2018, which used phylogenomics to demonstrate that both the bees (Anthophila) and the Sphecidae arose from within the former Crabronidae, which is therefore paraphyletic, and which they suggested should be split into several families; the former family Heterogynaidae nests within the Bembicidae, as here defined.[1] These findings differ in several details from studies published by two other sets of authors in 2017, though all three studies demonstrate a paraphyletic "Crabronidae."[2][3] Only three of these lineages were not included within Crabronidae in the past: Ampulicidae, Sphecidae, and Anthophila.


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Apoidea












 

Ampulicidae
 
 












 

Astatidae
 
 












 












 

Bembicidae
 
 












 

Sphecidae (sensu stricto)
 
 







 












 

Crabronidae (sensu stricto)
 
 

Mellinidae
 
 
 
 
 
 












 












 

Pemphredonidae
 
 

Philanthidae
 
 
 












 

Psenidae
 
 







 












 

Ammoplanidae
 
 

Anthophila (bees)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Subgroups



  • Subfamily Astatinae

    • Astata, etc.


  • Subfamily Bembicinae

    • Tribe Alyssontini

    • Tribe Bembicini


      • Bembix Fabricius 1775


      • Zyzzyx Pate 1937, etc.



    • Tribe Gorytini


      • Gorytes Latreille, 1804


      • Sphecius, etc.



    • Tribe Heliocausini

    • Tribe Nyssonini

    • Tribe Stizini



  • Subfamily Crabroninae (incl. Eremiaspheciinae and Dinetinae)

    • Crabro

    • Aha

    • Dalara


    • Pison, etc.



  • Subfamily Mellininae

    • Mellinus

    • Xenosphex



  • Subfamily Pemphredoninae

    • Microstigmus

    • Lithium


    • Pemphredon, etc.



  • Subfamily Philanthinae

    • Cerceris


    • Philanthus, etc.






Sand wasp in its habitat, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania



See also


  • List of Crabronidae genera


References





  1. ^ Sann, Manuela; Niehuis, Oliver; Peters, Ralph S.; Mayer, Christoph; Kozlov, Alexey; Podsiadlowski, Lars; Bank, Sarah; Meusemann, Karen; Misof, Bernhard; Bleidorn, Christoph; Ohl, Michael (2018). "Phylogenomic analysis of Apoidea sheds new light on the sister group of bees". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 18: 71. doi:10.1186/s12862-018-1155-8..mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output q{quotes:"""""""'""'"}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}


  2. ^ Branstetter, Michael G.; Danforth, Bryan N.; Pitts, James P.; Faircloth, Brant C.; Ward, Philip S.; Buffington, Matthew L.; Gates, Michael W.; Kula, Robert R.; Brady, Seán G. (2017). "Phylogenomic Insights into the Evolution of Stinging Wasps and the Origins of Ants and Bees". Current Biology. 27 (7): 1019–1025. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.03.027.


  3. ^ Peters, Ralph S.; Krogmann, Lars; Mayer, Christoph; Donath, Alexander; Gunkel, Simon; Meusemann, Karen; Kozlov, Alexey; Podsiadlowski, Lars; Petersen, Malte. "Evolutionary History of the Hymenoptera". Current Biology. 27 (7): 1013–1018. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2017.01.027.




Sources


  • Catalog of Sphecidae sensu lato at Cal Academy


External links







  • Image Gallery from Gembloux


  • Larra spp., mole cricket hunters on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures Web site













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